def f(x):
    print (x)

def adder2(x,y):
    return x+y

def adder3(*pargs):    
    return sum(list(pargs))

def adder4(**kargs):    
    args = list(kargs.values())
    total = args[0]
    for arg in args[1:]:
        total += arg
    return total

def copyDict(old):
    new = {}
    for key in old.keys(): new[key]=old[key]
    return new

def addDict(d1,d2):
    new ={}
    for key in d1.keys(): new[key]=d1[key]
    for key in d2.keys(): new[key]=d2[key]
    return new 

def f1(a,b): print(a,b)

def f2(a,*b): print(a,b)

def f3(a,**b): print(a,b)

def f4(a,*b,**c): print(a,b,c)

def f5(a,b=2,c=3): print(a,b,c)

def f6(a,b=2, *c): print(a,b,c)

def prime(y):
    if y<=1:
        print(y, 'is not prime')
        return
        
    x=y//2
    while x>1:
        if y%x==0:
            print(y, 'has factor',x)
            break
        x-=1
    else:
        print(y, 'is prime')
